Love Song Of J Alfred Prufrock Essay free essay sample

, Research Paper Love, Lust or Lackluster Lifestyle? The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock exhibits the impacts of cultural and economicpressure in the life of a Victorian grown-up male. T.S. Eliot shows us, in a dry talk, how thereality old enough and cultural spot incapacitates his character with alarm. The stanza structure opens with six linesfrom Dante s Infernio. This exceptional verse clarifies that the talker is in snake pit and the messagecan just be advised to individual else in snake pit. The talker discloses to us that it is All ideal for the listener to hearthe message, since so as to hear you should as of now be in snake pit and nobody ever comes back from there.So the message will neer go forward. I trust Eliot usages this message to reason that just a peruser whounderstands the singularity and lose faith in regards to Prufrock can really comprehend the stanza structure. In any case, in my examination, I have found the same number of various readings of the section structure as I have foundreaders. Most concur ; by the by, that Prufrock is conversing with the peruser when he says you andI ( Line 1 ) . Numerous perusers other than concur that Prufrock is an alone grown-up male, yet what kind of organization hedesires appears to change incredibly. Translations incorporate sex, cultural organization, long haul love, andeven expire. I trust Prufrock longs for the feeling of having a place, both with a female and with hissociety. He battles with issues of sex, age and cultural adjustment. The get bringing down lines of the stanza structure ( 1-25 ) shade for an extremely distinct picture of the streetwhere Prufrock is strolling. It other than cautions the peruser of Prufrock s hatred for this nation and thissociety. He depicts it as rich individual abandoned, muttering. one-night reasonable inns and sawdustrestaurants. ( 5-7 ) He stands out that from his completion of a room where grown-up females come andgo/Talking of Michelangelo ( 13 A ; 14 ) . Prufrock doesn t give the peruser much entrance into histhoughts until line 26. From this line frontward, we get a look of what it must resemble to bePrufrock. He lets us know There will be cut, there will be time/To fix a face to run into the facesthat you meet ( 27-28 ) , bespeaking constraint. He should fix himself intellectually to be capable toput on the privilege cultural picture before he makes his visit ( 12 ) . The rest of the refrain structure simplyreinforces his fight between the way he would wish to be and an incredible universe. He starts toponder the overwhelming request ( 11 ) of whether or non he could hold a sentimental interludewith one of the women he is gong to see, however the socially adequate and to some degree psychotic side ofhim develops and he quickly changes his plans to his diminishing hair. I accept he is looking for togather the grit to approach one of these women ( 42-43 amp ; 45-46 ) yet looses the courage asquickly as it came to him. He so regrets about his hesitation and inadequacy of fortitude, in a minutethere is time/For assurance and adjustments with brief will change by inversion. The subject of Prufrock sfickle thoughts run all through the refrain structure, as showed in his confirmation about his outfit and gustatory sensation, so only the accompanying line he his dorsum to the uncertainty about his age But how his weaponries and legs arethin. ( 45 ) Prufrock proceeds to express the peruser of his experience I have known them all # 8211 ;/Haveknown the eventides, forenoons, evenings, ( 50 ) portraying a mind-blowing periods from his youththrough his juvenile development to his current territory, as an in the middle of matured grown-up male. He feels the age andeventual perish of non only himself however of the general public he is a segment of. He hears voicesdying # 8230 ; ..Beneath the music from a farther room ( 52-53 ) , and understands that he is at the terminal of histime. I think he understands that he is non an individual from the cutting edge society, nor am I certain he needs tobe. In any case, he experiences that he is watched like an example detailed, rambling on a pin ( 57 ) . Butunlike a bug in a bug conglomeration, he is as yet alive and anguished wriggling on the divider ( 58 ) . He understands that his imposts are a segment of the past, yet he can't to see the best approach to proceed onward. Hethinks maybe he should let out the butt-parts of the bargains and ways (60) yet acknowledges hewouldn t realize how to continue life in the new world And in what manner would it be advisable for me to assume? (61). 2. Prufrock returns to his own specific manner of thought and starts to recollect the ladies in theparlor and his psyche starts to ponder to progressively physical components of their organization and he soonbegins to summon up fearlessness once more. His certainty gets obvious And by what method should I start?/Shall I say, I have gone at nightfall through thin avenues/And watched the smoke that ascents fromthe pipes/Of forlorn men in shirt-sleeves, inclining out of windows/†¦ (69-72). This verse hasalmost a better ring than it. As if Prufrock acknowledges he is socially better than the men in thewindows. He is mindful so as to call attention to that they are smoking yet not wearing their coats. They arespending their nig ht inclining out of windows (72) ignoring thin lanes (70). A man ofPrufrock s height would not do such offensive things and would in this manner be deserving of thesewomen s organization. He cautiously differentiates the ladies in the parlor whose arms braceleted, whiteand uncovered (63) lie along a table, or wrap a cloak (67) with the casual and throaty picture ofthese men around. J. Alfred takes seven lines to painstakingly draw us an image of a proper night inthis parlor, and just three to portray what is disagreeable to him. Be that as it may, realizing he won't beact on his emotions he concludes he would be in an ideal situation as a couple of worn out paws/Scuttling acrossthe floors of quiet oceans. (71-72) Lines 75-86 recount the rest that both he and his way of life are in. The way of life obliviousness ofit s own looming demise and his inaction with respect to his longing for enthusiasm. He says he has seenthe snapshot of my significance flash (84) which his own affirmation of his mortality. Furthermore, as helooks back he understands that he is forlorn. Prufrock says it would have been justified, despite all the trouble, all things considered (88)worth an amazing custom he could essentially have the organization of one of these ladies. Perhaps,even worth the tattle that would have occurred(89) on the off chance that he could just feel the energy of a youngman once more. He trusts enthusiasm will take him back to life(94-95). I accept his longing is much morethan sexual. Prufrock needs one of these ladies of astuteness who will challenge him. He needs toescape his own contemplations and have animating discussion. He needs a lady who will say thatis not what I implied by any stretch of the imagination. (110) 3. At that point back to the masterful old Prufrock, who submits he won't have the option to resemble Hamlet , rather he may be a lamentable consultant. He discloses to us he is so uncertain thus unableto make a guarantee to activity that he can't adapt to the situation of the individual mostknown for his inaction. He fundamentally reveals to us he is lower than low. He is canny, well spoken,and educated(116-117) yet so much a weakling that he is nearly ridiculousâ€/Almost, at times,the Fool. (118-119) Although a significant number of the remarks and understandings of The Love Song of J. AlfredPrufrock that I have perused appear to accept that the last 4 refrains are an indication that he may break outof his shell. I trust it is the acquiescence of all expectation and the acknowledgment of the incomprehensibility ofhis wants. I think lines 120-130 are Prufrock s method of letting us know of the fantasy of youth that hewill abandon. He won't wear the bottoms of my pants rolled (121) nor wear flanneltrousers, and stroll upon the sea shore. These are the traditions and activities of youthful energetic men.Men whose physical appearance and less stodgy way of life will pull in the mermaids (124). Heconcedes I don't imagine that they will sing to me. (125) Prufrock leaves us with the idea ofhow life and society can compel us from our fantasies and sink us with the real world. We have waited inthe offices of the ocean/By ocean young ladies wreathed with seeweed red and earthy colored/Till human voiceswake us, and we suffocate. (129-131)

Managing in the global economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Overseeing in the worldwide economy - Essay Example Thus it turns out to be exceptionally fundamental to examine the physical and cultural situations when opening and worldwide business. Overseeing in a worldwide domain implies oversee individuals who are isolated by time and separation as well as by social, social, and language contrasts. The primary test here is to incorporate and arrange these people in manners that will guarantee achievement. Furthermore, it is essential to be touchy to and regard the social contrasts. Individuals from various societies will in general misjudge every others practices or generalization individuals from different nations. Portfolio venture esteems and incomes are influenced when political change causes unforeseen discontinuities in the business condition. This is the Robock and Simmonds (1973) meaning of political hazard. They are likewise influenced by the dangers that remember potential limitations for the exchange of assets, items, innovation and individuals, vulnerability about arrangements, guidelines, legislative authoritative methodology, and, at last, hazards on control of capital, for example, victimization outside firms, seizure, constrained neighborhood shareholding, and so forth. Wars, upsets, social changes, strikes, monetary development, swelling and trade rates all figure in the political hazard writing and, clearly, are equipped for influencing portfolio venture just as immediate speculation. Net National Income contains the absolute estimation of merchandise and enterprises delivered inside a nation (for example its Gross Domestic Product), along with its pay got from different nations (remarkably intrigue and profits), less comparative installments made to different nations. For instance, if a British-possessed organization working in another nation sends a portion of their earnings (benefits) back to UK, the UK’s GNI is upgraded. Contingent upon the specific nation conditions, FDI may expand the host nation capital stock, get new innovations and lift GNI development rates (and henceforth GNI per capita). Expansion

Compare and Contrast Essay on Race and Ethnicity

Compare and Contrast Essay on Race and Ethnicity Along with population on our planet Earth is growing increasingly as well as becoming more diverse, the terms such as ethnicity and race are thrown around all the time. Many people tend to think of race and ethnicity as one and the same. How is race distinct from ethnicity? What are the differences and similarities of those two? How can we make sure the terms are used in a proper way? This article can help you to define those two. Often, the words are used interchangeably as they have some similarities,- thus members of the public remain unclear about the meaning of these two terms. Therefore, very few of us accurately describe the difference between ethnicity and race, simply because we tend to lump them into the same definition. While the dictionary can represent each of these words to be highly similar, there are differences. Like the difference between gender and sex, or culture and society, the difference between race and ethnicity is a tricky one. Let’s start with definition of those two terms and proceed further to the differences and similarities between them. What Is Race? In biology, races are genetically distinct populations within the same species. It can include skin color, skin tone, eye and hair color, as well as a tendency toward developing certain diseases. It is not something that can be changed or disguised. Race does not have customs or globally learned behavior. Race can be used to describe other elements of biological and regional differences. Race generally refers to broad groupings of humanity, especially the ones associated with an origin in one particular hemisphere, continent, or subcontinent. Racial categories result from a shared genealogy due to geographical isolation. In the modern world this isolation has been broken down and racial groups have mixed. There are somewhere between three and seven racesâ€"its impossible to say for sure, because the process of lumping people together like this is arbitrary and not at all objective. Racial prejudice remains a continuing problem throughout the world. However, there are fewer race-based conflicts in the 21st century than in the past. For example, the conflict between white and African-American people in the U.S., especially during the civil rights movement. What Is Ethnicity? Ethnicity, on the other hand, is the word used to describe the cultural identity of a person. These identities can include language, religion, nationality, ancestry, dress, and customs. Some ethnic groups also share linguistic traits, while others share a common group history but not a common language or religion. The members of a particular ethnicity tend to identify with each other based on these shared cultural traits. However, the ethnic groups distinguish themselves differently from one time period to another. They typically seek to define themselves but also are defined by the stereotypes of dominant groups. At one time it was easy to tell one’s ethnicity, but as the global conglomeration offered more choice and change (as well as borrowing styles and ideas from other cultures), it has become impossible to identify ethnicity based solely on distinctive features. Ethnicity is a narrower category and more monolithic. Many ethnic groups share the same language, traditional religion, a homeland, and other common aspects of culture. Ethnicity gives us room to change because we can reject our own and embrace another. You can move from one region to another and assimilate your beliefs, actions and customs to identify with that ethnic orientation. Such changes in some cases provoke people to the conflicts (sometimes such conflicts have even an ethnic nationalism background). Thus, we can see the examples of brutal conflicts took place often between ethnic groups (which have existed throughout history) across the world. For example, the conflict between Tamil and Sinhalese populations in Sri Lanka, or the Hutu and Tutsi people in Rwanda. Difference Between Race And Ethnicity One example of the difference between these two terms is by examining people who share the same ethnicity. Two people can identify their ethnicity as American, yet their races may be black and white. Additionally, a person born of Asian descent who grew up in Germany may identify racially as Asian and ethnically as German. People who share the same race may also have distinct ethnicities. For example, people identifying as white may have German, Irish, or British ethnicity. Examples of Race And Ethnicity Such variations of self-identification of ethnicity can be quite confusing. If we look to the definition of 3 terms- race, ethnicity and culture form the biological perspective, we can come up with the following: Race is the inheritance of your DNA Culture is the social/religious milieu you grow up in. Ethnicity is the branch of the race that your DNA occupies. To provide with the example for the above, the differences between those terms can be explained as next: Race = Mongolian Culture = Semi nomadic and pastoral Ethnicity = Scotch-Irish Ethnic and racial designations often do overlap so these designations can become quite complex. We can define those two terms as following: race is the macro-category for people with different skin color, and ethnicity refer to their micro-category, the real cultural, national, or tribal identity of the person. To sum up, race refers to the concept of dividing people into populations or groups on the basis of various sets of physical characteristics (which usually result from genetic ancestry). Ethnicity can be defined as a matter of identity and ancestry of people presumably sharing a common experience and culture. Understanding their distinct significance is increasingly important, particularly because the diversity in the world is continuing to grow.

Capital Punishment As A Form Of Retribution - 1149 Words

A code or set of laws has governed civilizations since they were created. For most ancient and non industrial civilizations there was no refuting what the final punishment was going to be. The most severe and often most brutal was being ruled to die. The death penalty has been a major controversy for decades. Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher, stated that â€Å"a person should not be treated as a means to an end, but as an end in him or herself.† Capital punishment does not abide by this principle. Utilitarians support capital punishment as a form of retribution. Thus, only focusing on retribution that the victims will receive. Capital punishment is not something American citizens need. Capital punishment is wrong because you are treating someone as a means rather than an end; it used to satisfy the goals of retribution, lessen the amount of taxes, and to deter violence. Capital punishment is â€Å"the legally authorized killing of someone as punishment for a crime† (Oxford Dictionaries). The death penalty is still legal in thirty-four states. An inmate sentenced to the death pentalty can be executed in one of the five ways which includes â€Å"electrocution, hanging, lethal injection, gas chamber, or a firing quad† (Free Dictionary). Capital punishment is often sentenced to criminal who have commited first degree murder with more than one aggrivated circumstances, and people who have commited treason. The controversy began capital punishment began 1976. Many people began to question theShow MoreRelatedThe Integral Role Sentencing Plays in the Criminal Justice Process904 Words   |  4 Pagesconsidered when it comes to the sentencing of a criminal. These philosophies are: Retribution- Retribution is a philosophy that a wrong doer who has freely chosen to violate society’s rules must be punished. Retribution relies on the principal of â€Å"just deserts†, this holds that the severity of the punishment hold to the severity of the crime. This philosophy is not the same as revenge because retribution is more concerned with the rules of society as a whole, rather than the individualismRead MoreDoes Punishment Deter Crime?1325 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: EFFECTS OF PUNISHMENT Does Punishment Deter Crime? Does Punishment Deter Crime? During biblical times crime not only affected society, but it was believed to have also been directed towards God himself. The Bible is the oldest book to reference with many directives to living life peacefully and without revenge. As retribution is considered a form of punishment, if not the first, the Bible itself explains that the punishment should not exceed the crime. Matthew 5:38 statesRead More Capital Punishment Is Necessary1130 Words   |  5 Pagesupheld and established in all states would greatly decrease that number. Something must be done to keep citizens safe and to keep the murder rates low. Capital Punishment is a rightly justified penalty because it is moral retribution, constitutional, and it deters crime. One reason that Capital Punishment is just is the idea that it is moral retribution to the murderer. According to David Gelernter, the death penalty supporter’s view is that the main goal in executing murderers is to make a point thatRead MoreThe Case For Death Penalty1252 Words   |  6 Pagessomebody else’s life is simply immoral.† When considering the issue of capital punishment, many arguments are made in favor of proponents and abolitionists. There are utilitarian arguments, retributive arguments, and egalitarian arguments. Utilitarian arguments argue against the death penalty, for they look to punish criminals for the benefit and the â€Å"lesson learned† from the punishment. They believe that this is the most effective form of deterrence, because the criminal will learn their lesson and theRead MoreEffects of Punishment805 Words   |  4 PagesEffects of Punishment and Sentencing Jesus Lujan Jr. CJS/200 February 13, 2011 University of Phoenix- Robert Winkler Effects of Punishment and Sentencing The Effects of Punishment and Sentencing Punishment and sentencing are an integral part of our criminal justice system. There are four basic philosophical reasons for sentencing retribution, deterrence, incapacitation, and rehabilitation. There are some factors that that can affect how a wrongdoer is punished. There is a debate surroundingRead MoreArgument Against The Death Penalty1247 Words   |  5 Pagessomebody else’s life is simply immoral.† When considering the issue of capital punishment, many arguments are made in favor of proponents and abolitionists. There are utilitarian arguments, retributive arguments, and egalitarian arguments. Utilitarian arguments argue against the death penalty, for they look to punish criminals for the benefit and the â€Å"lesson learned† from the punishment. They believe that this is the most effective form of deterrence, because the criminal will learn their lesson and theRead MoreThe Death Penalty As A Form Of Punishment1491 Words   |  6 Pagesdeath penalty as a form of punishment. The death penalty, also known as Capital Punishment, is a punishment for criminals who have committed murder other capital crimes. It is Congress or any state legislature that can prescribe execution as a form of punishment. In order to be sentenced to the death penalty the crime has to be parallel as the U.S supreme court has determined, otherwise the crime has violated the Eighth Amendment’s prohibition on cruel and unusual punishments. When analyzing whatRead MoreCapital Punishment And The Death Penalty946 Words   |  4 Pages Capital punishment, or the death penalty, is a legal sent ence for the convicted to be put to death for their criminal behavior. How the convicted criminal is executed varies from state to state. I do not believe that the death penalty is justifiable in almost any instance, if any. Throughout this class, I have read and experienced confusion on my opinion of whether capital punishment can be justifiable. If there was an absolute 100% belief and proof of guilt for the most serious of crimes (murderRead MoreThe Retributive And Utilitarian Theory Of Punishment1478 Words   |  6 Pages Punishment is any kind of negative penalty inflicted on the wrong doer to prevent him from doing wrong in the future. Though there is no specific definition for punishment, it implies all those acts that are required to teach the wrong doer a lesson. Taking a negative step towards the offender. Since the evolution of time, there have been many sociologists who have given their theories on punishment and how the offender should be punished. The theories vary in terms of approach takenRead MoreShould The Death Penalty Be Abolished?1443 Words   |  6 Pages 6 Should the Death Penalty Be Abolished in the United States? Adalynne Francis CRJU 1000 Dr. Huss November 14, 14 Should capital punishment/ death penalty be abolished in the United States? Many feel that the death penalty is immoral and question whether the state and federal government deserve the right to kill those whom it has imprisoned. On the other hand, those opposed feel that by not acting upon the death penalty communities would plunge in anarchy and that by

The Librarian s Voice Echoes Through An Dark Chamber

â€Å"Hello there, bitch,† the librarian’s voice echoes through an indistinct dark chamber. The man struggles against cold metallic restraints on a frigid metal table on which he now lies, â€Å"Are you comfortable, right now? I doubt it.† The man’s head is throbbing as if his heart had crawled into his skull then pulsed manically just under the skin of his temple. â€Å"Your wrists and ankles are chained, a ball gag in your mouth, you’re disoriented and scared, I imagine, wondering how you got here,† the familiar woman’s voice intones softly. The man struggles to recall how he got here, any sign or landmark that might indicate where he is, how he could get free, anything, at all. He thinks about his last memories. The man felt twinges of nervousness as the librarian sat next to him in the back seat of the Uber car she’d ordered. â€Å"So, uh, where are we going?† the man asked with flickers of excitement and unease. â€Å"You’ll see,† the librarian replied as she stared at the blur of city lights that passed by her passenger window. The Uber driver stoically veered the car up the ramp that led from the FDR to the Brooklyn Bridge then merged with traffic crossing the expanse over the East River. Then nothing. The dull glow of a video screen now flitters in the infinite darkness above the man’s head. He strains to move his head against the restraints to see the video. â€Å"I am going to tell you in detail why you’ve been kidnapped, what’s going to happen to you, and how long you’ll be here,†

Domestic Violence Beyond Patriarchy Free Essays

string(35) " in the gay and lesbian community\." Domestic Violence: Beyond Patriarchy In the Beginning The Battered Women’s movement of the 1970’s enlightened society about a much secreted, and what at the time, was considered a family matter, that of violence against women by their male intimate partners. Many lives have been saved as a direct result of society’s public awareness of this much-hidden scourge on our families. Federal and state laws prohibiting Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) have been enacted, and funding has been put in place for battered women’s shelter programs. We will write a custom essay sample on Domestic Violence: Beyond Patriarchy or any similar topic only for you Order Now These changes have made a significant difference in the lives of battered women and children over the last few decades. The feminist theoretical perspective of IPVIPV has been depicted throughout our society as well as how victim services, and batterers intervention programs (BIP) are modeled. â€Å"Our culture has historically exhibited certain patriarchal values observable in religion and social custom. Working against the backdrop of this history, feminism quite naturally saw an antidote in ending social oppression of women. Wife assault, kept largely out of the public view and tolerated by prevailing attitudes, was regarded by feminists as an evil symptom of patriarchy. † (Dutton, page 17, 2006) Feminist theory defines IPV as a social problem with a single type of victim i. e. heterosexual women and one root cause, that of male privilege and patriarchy, which supports male domination, power, and control and the oppression of women. The need for services for IPVBIP’s for female perpetrators is obscured and trivialized by this â€Å"one size fits all† view. Dutton describes feminist theory on IPV as being a â€Å"‘paradigm:†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ [A paradigm is] a set of guiding assumptions or worldview, commonly shared within a group and serving to ward off recognition of data that are dissonant with the paradigm’s central tenets. This theory views all social relations through the prism of gender relations and holds that men hold power over women in patriarchal societies and that all domestic violence is either male physical abuse to maintain that power or female defensive violence used as a self protection. (p. 2, 2005) developed through the anti-rape and battered women’s movements. This perspective has been the guiding light for how the social problem of against men by women and The violence against women by men paradigm is so entrenched that if anyone pursues any other theories or presents any data that is contrary to that perspective it is automatically considered anti-domestic violence movement. (Dutton, p. 44, 2005) Lucal (1995) found that attempts to discuss the idea of battered husbands started an emotionally charged and fiercely contested debate among researchers which has been the classic debate filled with claims and counterclaims. Much of the debate has been centered around whether or not there are very many battered husbands. Most of the debate has been about whether or not battered husbands are a social problem worthy of support. (pp. 95-96) Revealing Statistics Dr. Murray Straus, co-founder and co-director of the University of New Hampshire’s Family Violence Research Laboratory, has studied IPV and child abuse for over thirty years. In study after study he has found that both men and women are capable of being victims and committing IPV. For instance: (I? E(Busing data from the National Family Violence Survey of 1975, Straus (l980) found that 11. 6 (2. 6 million nationwide) of husbands reported having been the victim of severe violence by their wives. Severe vio1ence was defined as behaviors, such as kicking, punching, beating, or using a knife or gun, that have a high probability of causing physical injury. (as cited in Hines Malley-Morrison, p. 77, 2001) Presenting data that defies feminist logic has caused Dr. Straus and his colleague’s substantial risk. As a result of the depth of the objections to our finding on assaults by wives, some of us became the object of bitter scholarly and person attacks. These attack included obstruction of my public presentations by booing, shouting, and picketing. In elections for office in scientific societies I was labeled as antifeminist despite being a pioneer feminist researcher on wife beating (Straus, 1973, 1996 as cited in Straus, pp. 225-226, 1992). Suzanne K. Steinmetz, a co investigator in the first National Family Violence Survey, was the victim of more severe attacks. There was a letter-writing campaign opposing her promotion. There were phone calls threatening her and her family, and a bomb threat at a conference where she spoke. (pp. 225-226) Studies such as the National Violence Against Women Survey tend to filter out male reports of victimization because of the â€Å"‘set†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ of the survey (criminal victimization of women) (Dutton, p. 4, in press). However, the National Violence Against Women Survey in 2000(a) reports that more than 834,000 men are raped or physically assaulted by an intimate partner each year in the United States. This translates into about(I? E(B32 assaults per 1,000 men. (Tjaden Thoennes, p. 11) Since the respondents in this study were told they were being interviewed about â€Å"personal safety† issues it’s quite possible that this number is an underestimate as many of the men may not have perceived the violence that their wives or girlfriends were perpetrating against them as a threat to their safety. (Hines Malley-Morrison, p. 77, 2001) The Establishment of Services for Male Victims Spreading the word as news of the availability of DAHMW’s helpline became more known, calls from men and those concerned about a male relative or friend whom they thought were in an abusive situation started coming in from around the country. A website was created with information on male victimization and other resources and tri-fold brochures specifically addressing IPV against men were designed, printed and distributed through mailings and placements on community bulletin boards. Consequently, two years after its inception, DAHMWDAHMWIPV. as highlighted in the National Crime Prevention Council’s book, â€Å"50 Strategies to Prevent Violence Domestic Crimes. † (2002) as, â€Å"[one of] 50 promising programs [that offer] new and alternative methods to aid under-served victims of violent domestic crime including teens in dating relationships, elderly victims of late-life abuse, child witnesses to violence, battered immigrants, male victims, and survivors in the gay and lesbian community. You read "Domestic Violence: Beyond Patriarchy" in category "Papers" † In 2003 Verizon began to publish the crisis line in a number of their phone books. Incoming calls to helpline have grown exponentially from fourteen a month in 2001, to over three hundred calls a month in 2006. The vast majority of the calls continue to be from or about a male victim (and children) of female Information gathered from male callers to the helpline suggests that some violent women use highly physically disabling tactics on their victims. â€Å"According to qualitative accounts, several physical attacks [are] reported to have occurred to the groin area, as in the following examples: â€Å"‘G reports that his estranged wife frequently targeted his testicles in her attacks, which included head butting and choking. Police were called to his home six times, one call resulted in the wife’s arrest. â€Å"‘ â€Å"‘I was writhing, crying in the corner, I couldn’t get up for two hours she kicked me in the groin at least 12 times. â€Å"‘ â€Å"‘She held a knife to my balls and threatened to cut them off. â€Å"‘ (Hines etal, p. 66, 2007) The stigma attached to being a man abused by a woman is profound. Many men report that they were taught never to hit a girl, be strong, do not cry and do not tell your personal business to anyone from their parents and caregivers. There is also a cultural belief that men should be able to defend themselves. However, if a man does defend himself against his abusive female partner and the police are called, the man is the one that will be arrested. When Dwayne Bobbit had his penis cut off by his wife in 1993, it was a big joke for late night comedy. Lorena Bobbitt was found not guilty by reason of temporary insanity. The reaction would have been entirely different had the genders been reversed. (Dutton, p. 148, 2006) Law Enforcement and the Court’s Response The concerned family members and the victims themselves to the DAHMW helpline have recounted reports of the lack of concern for male victims: Misconceptions and Realities Feminists’ theorists assert that women’s violence against men is less likely than men’s violence against women to result in serious physical or psychological harm. (Dutton Nichols, p. 697, 2005) They use this claim to dismiss women’s violence against men and male victims. Women, in general, may not be as big or strong as men are, however, what women lack in size and strength they make up for with the use of weapons. Research conducted at an emergency clinic study in Ohio (Vasquez Falcone, 1997, as cited in Dutton Nichols, 2005 ) revealed that 72). The authors reported that burns obtained in intimate violence were as frequent for male victims as female victims. As this study demonstrates, community samples, unless they require subjects to self-report as crime victims, show a different and more equivalent pattern of violence by gender than that alleged by the(I? E(Bfeminist perspective(I? E(B. Regardless of the variations in the studies, two conclusions seem reasonable: (1) women are injured more than men, and (2) men are injured too, and are not immune to being seriously injured. Simply because the injury rates are lower, men should not be denied protection. (Dutton Nichols pp. 97-678, 2005) The feminist perspective of IPV being predominantly patriarchal in nature also excludes much of the victims in LGBT community. The LGBT community has had to set up their own domestic violence shelter programs that primarily or exclusively protect, educate and serve LGBT individuals who are victims of IPV. (e. g. see the www. gmdvp. org, ww w. lagaycenter. org/FamilyViolence etc ) According to Helfrich Simpson (2006) lesbians have a difficult time accessing services through the traditional battered women’s shelter programs due to the lack of policies to screen lesbian survivors and identify batterers. Lesbian batterers may use deception to access services through the same agency as the survivor and there are little to no stopgap measures taken to deal with those situations. (p. 344) Beyond Patriarchy, Alternative Theories on IPV Dutton (2006) asserts that the best predictor of intimate partner violence is not gender but personality disorder (p. 153). Since the beginning of the battered women’s movement, researchers who have studied maritally violent men have often treated batterers as a homogeneous group. They have measured violent husbands by comparing them to nonviolent ones. However, more recently they have found that violent husbands vary along a number of important dimensions, including severity of violence, anger, depression and alcohol abuse. (Holtzworth-Munroe Stuart, p. 476, 1994) More recently, researchers have begun to investigate what attachment styles and personality disorders have to do with IPV. The focus for this paper regarding typologies of batterers is on the dysphoric/borderline subtype and so a full description of each subtype of batterer is beyond this review. For more information of the various subtypes please review, Holtzworth-Munroe Stuart, 1994; Holtzworth-Munroe et al. 1997; Holtzworth-Munroe et al. , 2000; Waltz et al. , 2000; Babcock et al. , 2003; Carney Buttell, 2004) Researchers have found that batterers are more likely a heterogeneous than a homogeneous group and within that heterogeneous grouping various subtypes of batterers exist. Seminal research done by Holtzworth-Munroe and Stuart (1994) studied violent men and asc ertained various typologies of male batterers. Holtzworth-Munroe and Stuart categorized three major subtypes and they labeled them, family only, dysphoric/borderline, and generally violent/antisocial. (Holtworth-Munroe Stuart, p. 76-482, 1994) Holtzworth-Munroe and Stuart described dysphoric/borderline batterers as those who engage in moderate to severe wife abuse as well as psychological and sexual abuse. Their violence is primarily towards the family; however, they suggested that some extra familial violence and criminal behavior may be evident. Additionally, they found that these men are the most dysphoric, psychologically distressed, and emotionally volatile and that they have evidence of borderline and schizoidal personally characteristics. The may also have problems with alcohol and drug abuse. (ibid. According to Dutton (2006), â€Å"Across several studies, implemented by independent researchers, the prevalence of personality disorder in wife assaulters has been found to be extremely high. These men are not mere products of male sex role conditioning or â€Å"‘male privilege†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ [as the feminist theory of IPV suggests]; they possess characteristics that differentiate them from the majority of men who are not repeat abusers. † (p. 185) In addition to research on subtypes of batterers, there is also evidence to suggest that early attachment has bearing on what type of person may have the propensity towards perpetrating IPV. Buttell et al (2005) states that the presence of batterer subtypes is widely accepted in the field and that findings from [their] study seem to suggest that issues of attachment and dependency may be related to the development of an abusive personality for one type of batterer. They state that if true, efforts to improve intervention may need to focus on distinguishing batterer subtypes and developing intervention strategies relevant to the need for each subtype. (p. 216) Attachment styles may be the key to unlock many doors for both female and male perpetrators of IPV. Dutton in his book, The Abusive Personality, reiterates Bowlby’s findings on attachment styles: In his landmark series of books entitled Attachment and Loss, Bowlby developed the notion that human attachment was of ultimate importance for human emotional development. In his view, it had sociobiological significance. His views encompassed the possibility of individual differences that came to be called â€Å"‘attachment styles'† referr[ing] to entire constellations of thoughts and feelings about intimacy. Reactions to the satisfaction or dissatisfaction of early attempts at attachment set up life-long attachment styles described as secure, fearful, or dismissing. The dismissing people tend to be wary of and stay out of relationships. The secure ones are comfortable with closeness. The fearful ones are stuck in the middle, exhibiting ambivalence toward intimacy and to those with whom they are emotionally connected. (as cited in Dutton, p. 116, 1998) Dutton (1998) further postulates that this push-pull reaction of the fearful attachment styled person resembles the ebb and flow of what he has coined the â€Å"cyclical personality. Dutton reports that in his notes on phrases used by female victims to describe their male batterers (who were clients of Dutton’s) there was a recurring theme. They would express that their partners would act like â€Å"Jekyll and Hyde† and appear to be two different people at times. They also said things like, â€Å"He’s like living with an emotional roller-coaster,† and describe their mates as moody, irritable, jealous and changeable. (p. 53) This cycling was first recognized by Lenore Walker in her book, The Battered Women, as the â€Å"‘battering cycle. â€Å"‘ (as cited in Dutton, ibid. As Dutton set out to gain some understanding of a cyclical or phasic personality he came across a book by John G. Gunderdson entitled, Borderline Personality Disorder: Dutton’s research regarding attachment, borderline and the batterer’s cyclical personality has been focused on male on female IPV, however, in his recent book, Rethinking DV, he discusses female perpetrators: Recent research has begun to explore the role of [fearful attachment, borderline traits, and chronic trauma symptoms, which generates what Dutton calls the abusive personality] among female perpetrators of partner abuse. Follingstad, Bradley, Helff, and Laughlin (2002) generated a model for predicting dating violence in a sample of 412 college students. (as cited in Dutton, p. 201, 2006) They found that anxious attachment resulting from early life experiences led to the development of an â€Å"‘angry temperament,†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ which in turn related to attempts to control and use abuse against an intimate partner. The model predicted abusiveness for both genders (ibid. ) Other researchers have also hypothesized about subtypes of abusive males and females. For instance, Buttell et al (2005), states that researchers are beginning to explore the role of attachment theory and develop hypotheses on abusive behaviors relevant to different subtypes of abuser in order to improve intervention efforts for batterers. (p. 211) Gormley (2005) concluded that, â€Å"Insecure adult attachment orientations affect half the adult population, helping to explain the prevalence of men’s and women’s IPV. Women with insecure adult attachment orientations may be as much at risk as similar men of psychologically and physically abusing romantic partners, oing damage to relationships they may be socialize to value highly(I? E(B. † (p. 793) Female Batterers Scant research has been done on female batterers; however, due to the changes in mandatory arrest policies more women are being arrested than ever before. The debate about whether or not women perpetrate IPV has changed noticeably of late due in part to the fact that women are increasingly being arrested, prosecuted, and sentenced to intervention programs for domestic violence offenses. Women’s arrest for IPV is a direct result of legislation that has mandated the arrest of perpetrators in cases where police become involved when a domestic dispute has occurred. Warrantless arrest legislation gives police the power to arrest the abuser and press charges themselves when called to a domestic dispute. The victim no longer needs to press charges against the perpetrator. The arrest of women was certainly an unintended consequence of this legislation and has had a dramatic impact on the national debate regarding female initiated IPV. Carney Buttell, p. 249, 2004) Feminist theory of IPV has created a dilemma regarding intervention services for female batterers. At present, the most prevalent legislated BIP’s the system has set up are for dealing with batterers comes from the feminist model of IPV. Female batterers who are convicted of domestic assault and court ordered to attend a BIP have little choice but than to attend the feminist model of BIP’s wh en court ordered to do so. (Carney and Buttell, p. 50, 2004) In addition, research on these [Duluth Model] BIP’s indicate that few men who complete treatment benefit from it to the extent that they demonstrate positive changes in their behaviors. Of course, if men are not benefiting from a program that is specifically designed for patriarchal batterers then certainly abusive women will benefit even less. (ibid. ) According to Babcock Siard (2003) some of the women arrested could have been acting in self-defense and were therefore falsely arrested but others with extensive violent histories may in fact be primary aggressors. p. 153) Men who are arrested are not given the same latitude. Babcock et al. (2003) mentions that in a study of women arrested for IPV, Hamberger and Potente (1994) found women who could clearly be identified as primary aggressors of IPV, yet in the treatment setting they were generally treated the same as those women who used self defense. (as cited in B abcock Siard, p. 154). Babcock et al. (2003) proposed two categories of female batterers, those that were partner-only and those that were generally violent. The partner-only category covered women who may be more likely to use violence in self-defense and the generally violent women (of more interest for this paper) were women who used violence in any manner of situations including against their romantic partners. (pp. 153-154) Many studies on male batterer’s include reports from their female victims; however, the researchers in this study did not ask the male victims for reports of their partner’s violence. Iit is interesting to note that violent women were asked to report on their male partner’s violence against them. (p. 57) They further note that power and control seems to be an issue for some abusive women and they suggest that women’s power and control issues, traumatic histories, and psychological distress should be explored and indicate that clinicians may want to assess for psychopathology (i. e. post-traumatic stress disorder, borderline personality disorder, etc. ) (ibid. ) Recent studies have found that women’s and men’s violence share similar correlates (Giordano, Millhollin, Cernkovich, Pugh, Rudolph, 1999; Magdol, Moffittt, Caspi, Silva, 1998; Moffitt, Robins, Caspi, 2001 as cited in Babcock et al, p. 53, 2003) therefore, they may also share similar motivations and circumstances. Female Batterers from Victims Reports Hines et al’s (2007) research provides some insight into female batterers from their male victims. â€Å"Female abusers likely have a history of childhood trauma, may be suffering from a mental illness, and are likely to use alcohol and/or drugs. Further, these women have a high rate of threatening either suicide and/or homicide. † (p. 9) As previously stated, women have been asked to report on their male batterers and although this is not the ideal way to obtain information on batterers, feminist researchers have been gathering information in this way from battered women in shelters for years. (e. g. Walker, 2000 as cited in Hin es et al, p. 69, 2007) Conclusion Men are victims of female perpetrated IPV and need services such as shelter, legal aid, support and counseling much the same as their female counterparts. Additionally, men’s reports of victimization should not be called into question but treated with the same respect as women’s reports. Protocols should be put in place within the domestic violence shelters programs, for law enforcement and the courts that will screen out potential female and male batterers so that victims are not judged by their gender. There is a dearth of research of female batterers and what has been presented from the feminist theory suggests that violent females use violence in self-defense. As we move away from the feminist theory of IPV researchers are discovering that childhood trauma, insecure attachment styles, mental illness, and/or alcohol and substance abuse play a role in IPV for both genders. Not all male batterers fit into the feminist theory of IPV, there are subtypes of batterers and attachment style plays a role in who perpetrates IPV. The subtype that is the focus of this paper is that of the borderline, cyclical batterer. Female batterers also show symptoms of having subtypes evidenced by reports from male callers to the DAHMW. Studies are beginning to assess psychological factors that predict female intimate partner violence. What is emerging is evidence of personality disorder, attachment style, and constricted affect that has also been seen in male abusers. Female abusers share much of the same traits as male abusers especially antisocial and borderline personalities. (Dutton, p. 203, 2006) As Babcock et al. (2003) explain, â€Å"[the] feminist perspective should be holistic, examining both the positive and negative sides of women’s behavior. Bringing attention to some women being in the role of perpetrators, not solely as the victims of intimate partner abuse, involves viewing women as they are, not as we would wish them to be. † (p. 160) References About The Author How to cite Domestic Violence: Beyond Patriarchy, Papers

National Food free essay sample

The National Foods: National Foods is a  well-known name in market. It was  founded in 1970 and  started out as a Spice company. 3 decades later it has diversified into a versatile Food Company with over 150 and above products and 100 and above SKUs (Stock Keeping Unit) for the domestic market and over 100  different products for the international markets. The  vision  to  see  National  Foods  as  a  professionally  managed Human  Resource company, set more then 7 years ago, was realized by transforming a local company into Avery dynamic and progressive management structure in line with industry practices. Competent Human Resources from within the company have fuelled tremendous growth  by excelling in Functional Management. Even after 3 decades the companys focal point still  remains  on. Customers needs  through: Product Development  in  line  with  the changing market trends . In this innovative age of ever changing lifestyles, fuelled by the rampant development of  technology; consumers have been compelled to change their eating habits. We will write a custom essay sample on National Food or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page NationalFoods  responds  to  this  challenge  of  developing  innovative  food   Products  based  on convenience and fast preparation in line with modern lifestyles and yet retains traditional values through its impressive collection of food products. The brand delivers its ultimate promise by consistently delivering value to its consumers. National Foods enriches family relationships by bringing people together for family traditions, feasts, and seasonal holidays and of course everyday life . As National food is a known name in market, it has already different brands  in market like   * Jams * Ketchup * Achar * Kheer mix * Custard powder etc. Now National food is introducing a new brand named Rivaaj. National  food  is  introducing  the  six  different Rivaaj pastes. * Biryani Paste * Bombay Biryani Paste * Karahi Paste * Quorma Paste * Shahi Curry Paste * Chicken Jalfrezi Paste National Food  Marketing mix Four Ps are the most important factors for  any company in making the  marketing plan. To  be specific, these 4 Ps are 1) Product your product(s)and services 2) Price what youll charge customers for products and services ) Place (distribution) how you will bring your product(s) together with your customers 4) Promotion how you will promote or create awareness of your product in the marketplace SUPPLY CHAIN OF NATIONAL FOOD * Distribution Channel Role of Distribution Channel: Middleman  is of  lot  of  concern  for  the  distrib ution  of  our  product. Middle  man involvement is necessary for our product because our product is not that kind of in which we direct contact with end user, so that’s why we need the role of middle man which specifies the role of our distribution channel. Type of Distribution Channel: Our product is a consumer good. So our distribution chain is: This distribution chain will be for Karachi. In Karachi those wholesalers will be selected who deal with the major  markets and big stores of all the parts of Karachi. ’ This distribution chain will be used outside Karachi for different other cities. From where agents will be used to  distribute our product in different other cities Intensity of Distribution Channel: We can say that intensity of our distribution channel will be selective, so that we can spread our product throughout Karachi. Because our goal is to capture the maximum share of market. But after graet success we started our